Zosiyanasiyana zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zilipo
Njira ya mankhwala imatsimikizira ntchito yake yochepa. Nthawi zambiri, kulondola kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika ndi chochepa: makulidwe osagwirizana a khoma, kuwala kochepa pakatikati ndi kunja kwa chitoliro, mtengo wamtengo wapatali, ndi ma pockmarks ndi mawanga akuda pamtunda wamkati ndi kunja sikophweka kuchotsa; Kuzindikirika kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake kuyenera kukonzedwa popanda intaneti. Chifukwa chake, imaphatikizanso zabwino zake pakuthamanga kwambiri, mphamvu yayikulu komanso zida zamakina.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chimagawidwa mu semi Ferritic ndi semi martensitic chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chitoliro, chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic chosapanga dzimbiri, chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic ferritic chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, etc.
A.Malinga ndi gb14975-2002 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kutalika kwa chitoliro chachitsulo nthawi zambiri kumakhala 1.5 ~ 10m kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chotentha (utali wosadziwika), ndi 1m pachitoliro chachitsulo chowotcha. 1.0 ~ 7m kwa ozizira kukokedwa (anagulung'undisa) zitsulo chitoliro ndi khoma makulidwe a 0,5 ~ 1.0mm; Ngati makulidwe a khoma ndi wamkulu kuposa 1.0mm, 1.5 ~ 8m.
B.Pali 45 mitundu otentha adagulung'undisa (wotentha extruded) mapaipi zitsulo ndi diameters wa 54 ~ 480mm; Pali mitundu 36 yokhala ndi makulidwe a khoma la 4.5 ~ 45mm. Pali mitundu 65 ya mipope yachitsulo yozizira (yokulungidwa) yokhala ndi mainchesi 6 ~ 200mm; Pali mitundu 39 yokhala ndi makulidwe a khoma la 0.5 ~ 21mm.
C.Pakatikati ndi kunja kwa mapaipi achitsulo azikhala opanda ming'alu, ming'alu, ming'alu, ming'alu, zopindika, delaminations ndi nkhanambo. Zolakwika izi zidzachotsedwa kwathunthu (kupatula mapaipi opangira makina). Pambuyo kuchotsa, khoma makulidwe ndi m'mimba mwake akunja si upambana zoipa kupatuka. Zolakwika zina zazing'ono zapamtunda zomwe sizipitilira kupatuka kovomerezeka kovomerezeka sizingachotsedwe.
D.Kuzama kovomerezeka kwa owongoka. Mapaipi otentha achitsulo opindidwa ndi otentha omwe ali ndi mainchesi osakwana kapena ofanana ndi 140mm sadzakhala wamkulu kuposa 5% ya makulidwe a khoma, ndipo kuya kwake sikungakhale kwakukulu kuposa 0.5mm; Chitoliro chozizira chokoka (chokulungidwa) sichiyenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa 4% ya makulidwe a khoma, ndipo kuya kwake sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuposa 0.3mm.
E. Mapeto onse a chitoliro chachitsulo adzadulidwa mu ngodya zolondola ndipo ma burrs adzachotsedwa.
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chimagawidwa mu semi Ferritic ndi semi martensitic chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chitoliro, chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic chosapanga dzimbiri, chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic ferritic chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, etc.
1. Chitoliro chotentha (chitoliro chachitsulo chosakanizidwa chotuluka): chubu chozungulira chilibe kanthu → Kutenthetsa → kubowoleza → kugudubuza katatu pamtanda, kugudubuza mosalekeza kapena kutulutsa → kuvula chitoliro → kukula (kapena kuchepetsa) → kuzizira → kuwongola → kuyesa kwa hydrostatic (kapena kuzindikira zolakwika) → chizindikiro → nkhokwe
Zopangira zogudubuza machubu opanda msoko ndi machubu ozungulira opanda kanthu. Chozungulira chubu chopanda kanthu chidzadulidwa ndikukonzedwa ndi wodula, ndipo chopanda kanthu ndi kukula kwa pafupifupi 1m chidzatumizidwa ku ng'anjo kuti chiwotchedwe kudzera mu lamba wotumizira. Billet imatumizidwa ku ng'anjo kuti itenthedwe kutentha pafupifupi madigiri 1200 Celsius. Mafutawa ndi hydrogen kapena acetylene. Kuwongolera kutentha mu ng'anjo ndilo vuto lalikulu. Pambuyo pozungulira chubu billet kutulutsidwa mu ng'anjo, iyenera kupyozedwa kupyolera mu kubowola kokakamiza. Nthawi zambiri, woboola wodziwika kwambiri ndi woboola mpukutu. Woboola uyu ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga, mtundu wabwino wazinthu, kukula kwakukulu kwa perforation ndipo amatha kuvala magiredi osiyanasiyana achitsulo. Pambuyo perforation, wozungulira chubu akusowekamo ndi motsatizana adagulung'undisa atatu mpukutu mtanda kugubuduza, mosalekeza kugudubuza kapena extrusion. Pambuyo extrusion, chotsani chitoliro kwa kukula. Makina ojambulira amazungulira mumluza wachitsulo mwachangu kwambiri kudzera pakubowola kowoneka bwino kuti apange chitoliro chachitsulo. The m'mimba mwake wamkati wa zitsulo chitoliro anatsimikiza ndi akunja awiri kutalika kwa sizing makina pang'ono. Pambuyo poyesa, chitoliro chachitsulo chimalowa munsanja yozizirira ndipo chimakhazikika ndi kupopera madzi. Pambuyo pozizira, chitoliro chachitsulo chidzawongoledwa. Pambuyo kuwongola, chitoliro chachitsulo chimatumizidwa ku chowunikira chachitsulo (kapena kuyesa kwa hydrostatic) ndi lamba wotumizira kuti azindikire zolakwika zamkati. Ngati pali ming'alu, thovu ndi mavuto ena mkati mwa chitoliro chachitsulo, adzadziwika. Mipope yachitsulo iyenera kusankhidwa mosamala ndi dzanja pambuyo poyang'anitsitsa khalidwe. Pambuyo poyang'aniridwa ndi chitoliro chachitsulo, chiwerengero, ndondomeko, chiwerengero cha batchi yopangira, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kupakidwa utoto. Ndipo adakwezedwa m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu ndi crane.
2. Chitoliro chozizira chokoka (chogudubuzika) chosasokonekera chachitsulo: chubu chozungulira chilibe kanthu → kutentha → kubowoleza → mutu → kupukuta → pickling → kudzola mafuta (kubisala zamkuwa) → zojambula zambiri zozizira (zozizira) → chubu chopanda kanthu → chithandizo cha kutentha → kuwongola → kuyesa kwa hydrostatic (cholakwika kuzindikira) → kuyika chizindikiro → kusunga.
Njira yopukutira ya chitoliro chozizira chokokedwa (yokulungidwa) chosasunthika ndi chovuta kwambiri kuposa chitoliro chachitsulo chowotcha (chotuluka) chopanda msoko. Masitepe atatu oyamba akupanga kwawo ndi ofanana. Kusiyana kumayambira pa sitepe yachinayi. Pambuyo povula chubu yozungulira, iyenera kuyambika ndikuyimitsidwa. Pambuyo pa annealing, asidi wapadera madzi ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pickling. Pambuyo pickling, ntchito mafuta. Kenako imatsatiridwa ndi zojambula zozizira zambiri (zozizira) ndi chithandizo chapadera cha kutentha. Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, chidzawongoledwa.
Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana kupanga, akhoza kugawidwa mu chitoliro otentha adagulung'undisa, ozizira adagulung'undisa chitoliro, chitoliro ozizira kukopeka, chitoliro extruded, etc.
1.1. Hot adagulung'undisa zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo zopanda msokonezo chitoliro zambiri opangidwa pa basi chitoliro anagubuduza mphero. Pambuyo kuyendera ndi kuchotsa zilema padziko, chitoliro olimba akusowekapo amadulidwa mu utali wofunika, anakhazikika pa mapeto a perforated mapeto a chitoliro akusowekapo, ndiyeno kutumizidwa ku ng'anjo Kutentha kwa Kutentha ndi perforated pa kuboola. Panthawi yoboola, imazungulira ndikupita patsogolo mosalekeza. Pansi pa mpukutu ndi pulagi, patsekeke imapangidwa pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa chitoliro chopanda kanthu, chomwe chimatchedwa chitoliro choyipa. Kenako imatumizidwa ku mphero ya chitoliro cha automatic kuti ipitilize kugudubuza. Pomaliza, makulidwe a khoma amasinthidwa ndi makina onse, ndipo mainchesi ake amatsimikiziridwa ndi makina owerengera kuti akwaniritse zofunikira. Ndi njira zapamwamba zopangira otentha adagulung'undisa zitsulo chitoliro ndi mosalekeza chitoliro mphero.
1.2. Ngati mukufuna kupeza mapaipi opanda msoko okhala ndi kukula kocheperako komanso abwinoko, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kugudubuza kozizira, kujambula kozizira kapena kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri. Kuzizira kozizira nthawi zambiri kumachitika pa mphero ziwiri zazikulu. Chitoliro chachitsulo chimakulungidwa mu chiphaso cha annular chopangidwa ndi gawo lozungulira poyambira ndi pulagi yokhazikika. Kujambula kozizira nthawi zambiri kumachitika pa unyolo umodzi kapena makina awiri ozizira ozizira a 0.5 ~ 100t.
1.3. Extrusion njira zikutanthauza kuti mkangano chubu akusowekapo amaikidwa chatsekedwa extrusion yamphamvu, ndi perforated ndodo chimayenda pamodzi ndi extrusion ndodo kuti extrude extrusion mbali yaing'ono kufa dzenje. Njirayi imatha kupanga mapaipi achitsulo okhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono.
Chitoliro chamtundu uwu chikhoza kugawidwa mu chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri (chitoliro chotsekedwa), chomwe chingapangidwe molingana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira.
Mitundu yofunikira iyi ndi: kugudubuza kotentha, kutulutsa, kujambula kozizira komanso kugudubuza kozizira. Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a gawo, akhoza kugawidwa mu chitoliro chozungulira ndi chitoliro chapadera. Chitoliro chachitsulo chozungulira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma palinso mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri apadera monga masikweya, amakona anayi, ozungulira, ozungulira, amakona atatu, amakona atatu ndi octagonal.
Mayeso a Hydraulic adzachitidwa kuti chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala ndi kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi chiyesere kukana kwake komanso mtundu wake. Ndizoyenera ngati palibe kutayikira, kunyowetsa kapena kukulitsa pansi pazovuta zomwe zanenedwa. Mapaipi ena achitsulo adzayesedwanso kuyesedwa kwa crimping, kuyesa kuphulika ndi kuyesa kwa flatten malinga ndi muyezo kapena zofunikira za wofunsayo.
Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chitoliro chopanda chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena chitoliro cholimba chopanda kanthu pobowola, kenako chimapangidwa ndi kugudubuza kotentha, kugudubuza kozizira kapena kujambula kozizira. Mafotokozedwe a chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika amawonetsedwa ma mm akunja awiri * makulidwe a khoma
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chimagawidwa mu semi Ferritic ndi semi martensitic chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chitoliro, chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic chosapanga dzimbiri, chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic ferritic chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, etc.
