Malo ogulitsa amachubu akulu amakona anayi

Large m'mimba mwake lalikulu chitoliro, ndi gawo dzenje, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitoliro kunyamula madzimadzi

Monga mapaipi onyamulira mafuta, gasi, gasi, madzi ndi zinthu zina zolimba. Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zolimba monga zitsulo zozungulira, chitoliro chachitsulo chimakhala ndi kupindika komweko ndi mphamvu yozungulira komanso kulemera kwake. Ndi chuma gawo zitsulo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zamakina ndi zida zamakina, monga chitoliro chobowola mafuta, shaft yotumizira magalimoto, chimango cha njinga ndi scaffold yachitsulo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Kupanga mphete zokhala ndi mapaipi achitsulo kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zinthu, kufewetsa njira zopangira, ndikusunga zida ndi maola okonza, monga mphete zokhala ndi mphete, ma Jack manja, etc. mapaipi achitsulo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga. Chitoliro chachitsulo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamitundu yonse ya zida wamba. Mfuti ndi mbiya ziyenera kupangidwa ndi chitoliro chachitsulo. Chitoliro chachitsulo chikhoza kugawidwa mu chitoliro chozungulira ndi chitoliro chapadera chofanana ndi malo osiyanasiyana ozungulira ndi mawonekedwe. Chifukwa dera lozungulira ndilo lalikulu kwambiri pansi pa chikhalidwe chofanana, madzi ambiri amatha kunyamulidwa ndi chitoliro chozungulira. Kuonjezera apo, pamene gawo la mphete likukhudzidwa ndi kupanikizika kwa ma radial mkati kapena kunja, mphamvuyo imakhala yofanana. Choncho, mapaipi ambiri achitsulo amakhala ozungulira. Komabe, chitoliro chozungulira chimakhalanso ndi malire. Mwachitsanzo, pansi pa mkhalidwe wa kupindika kwa ndege, mphamvu yopindika ya chitoliro chozungulira sichikhala champhamvu ngati chitoliro cha sikweya ndi chakona. Mapaipi a square ndi amakona amagwiritsidwa ntchito mokhazikika pamakina ena aulimi ndi zida ndi zitsulo ndi mipando yamatabwa. Mapaipi apadera achitsulo okhala ndi mawonekedwe ena agawo amafunikiranso malinga ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana.

1. Chubu chachikulu cham'mimba mwake (GB / T8162-1999) ndi chubu chachikulu cham'mimba mwake chomwe chimapangidwira komanso makina.

2. Chubu chachikulu cham'mimba mwake chonyamula madzimadzi (GB / t8163-1999) ndi chubu chachikulu cham'mimba mwake chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula madzi, mafuta, gasi ndi madzi ena.

3. Machubu akulu akulu akulu am'mimba mwake opangira ma boiler otsika komanso apakatikati (GB3087-1999) ndizitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri za carbon structural zitsulo zotentha komanso zozizira zokoka (zokulungidwa) zazikulu zazikulu zopangira machubu otenthetsera nthunzi, machubu amadzi otentha opangira ma boiler otsika komanso apakatikati. zamagulu osiyanasiyana ndi machubu otenthetsera nthunzi, machubu akulu a utsi, machubu ang'onoang'ono a utsi ndi machubu a njerwa opangira ma boilers.

4.Machubu akulu akulu akulu am'mimba mwake a ma boiler othamanga kwambiri (GB5310-1995) ndi chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri cha kaboni, chitsulo cha aloyi ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosatentha cham'mimba mwake chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zotenthetsera zamadzi otenthetsera machubu othamanga kwambiri komanso pamwamba. 5. High kuthamanga lalikulu m'mimba mwake lalikulu chitoliro (GB6479-2000) kwa zipangizo mankhwala feteleza ndi apamwamba mpweya structural zitsulo ndi aloyi zitsulo lalikulu m'mimba mwake lalikulu chitoliro oyenera zida mankhwala ndi payipi ndi kutentha ntchito - 40 ~ 400 ℃ ndi kuthamanga ntchito 10 ~ 30mA.

6. Machubu akulu akulu akulu am'mimba mwake ong'ambira mafuta (gb9948-88) ndi machubu akulu akulu akulu akulu akulu akulu akulu akulu akulu opangira ng'anjo, zotenthetsera kutentha ndi mapaipi opangira mafuta.

7. Chitoliro chachitsulo chobowola geological (yb235-70) ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dipatimenti ya geological pobowola pachimake. Malinga ndi cholinga, akhoza kugawidwa mu kubowola chitoliro, kubowola kolala, pachimake chitoliro, casing ndi sedimentation chitoliro.

8. Large diameter lalikulu chubu (gb3423-82) pobowola diamondi pachimake ndi lalikulu mainchesi lalikulu chubu chobowola chitoliro, core ndodo ndi casing ntchito pobowola diamondi pachimake.

9 .Chitoliro chobowola mafuta (yb528-65) ndi chitoliro chachikulu cham'mimba mwake chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa mkati kapena kunja mbali zonse za pobowola mafuta. Chitoliro chachitsulo chimagawidwa kukhala waya wokhotakhota ndi waya wosatembenuka. Chitoliro chawaya chozungulira chimalumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira, ndipo chitoliro cha waya chosatembenuzika chimalumikizidwa ndi cholumikizira chachitsulo ndi kuwotcherera matako.

10.Chitoliro cha m'madzi cha m'madzi cham'madzi cham'mimba mwake (gb5213-85) ndi chitoliro cha kaboni chachikulu chokhala ndi mainchesi lalikulu chopangira makina a chitoliro cha kalasi I, chitoliro cha chitoliro cha kalasi yachiwiri, chowotcha komanso chotenthetsera. Kutentha kwa carbon zitsulo lalikulu-m'mimba mwake lalikulu chubu khoma si upambana 450 ℃, ndi kutentha ntchito aloyi zitsulo lalikulu m'mimba mwake lalikulu chubu khoma adzakhala upambana 450 ℃.

11. Chubu chachikulu cham'mimba mwake cham'mimba mwake cha manja a theka la axle (gb3088-82) ndi chubu chotenthetsera chachikulu chokhala ndi mainchesi akulu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chamtengo wapatali cha carbon structural chitsulo chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chopangira chitsulo chomangira galimoto.

12. Chitoliro chamafuta othamanga kwambiri cha injini ya dizilo (gb3093-2002) ndi chitoliro chozizira chachikulu cham'mimba mwake chopangira chitoliro chokwera kwambiri cha jakisoni wa injini ya dizilo.

13. Kulondola kwamkati mkati mwake lalikulu lalikulu chubu la hydraulic ndi pneumatic cylinder mbiya (GB8713-88) ndi chubu chozizira chokokedwa kapena chozizira chokulungidwa cham'mimba mwake chokhala ndi mainchesi amkati opangira ma hydraulic ndi pneumatic silinda mbiya.

14.Chozizira chokoka kapena chozizira chokulungidwa bwino lalikulu lalikulu chubu (GB3639-2000) ndi chubu chozizira chokokedwa kapena chozizira kwambiri chopindika chachikulu chokhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso kutsirizika kwabwino pamakina ndi zida zama hydraulic. Kusankha mwatsatanetsatane lalikulu lalikulu lalikulu chubu kupanga makina kapangidwe kapena hydraulic zipangizo akhoza kwambiri kupulumutsa maola Machining, kusintha magwiritsidwe zinthu ndi kusintha khalidwe mankhwala.

15. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lalikulu la mita lalikulu (GB / T14975-2002) ndi chitoliro chotentha (chowonjezera, chokulitsidwa) komanso chozizira chokoka (chokulungidwa) chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopanda dzimbiri, mapaipi osagwirizana ndi dzimbiri. mbali chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala, mafuta, kuwala nsalu, mankhwala, chakudya, makina ndi mafakitale ena.

16. Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lalikulu lalikulu chubu choyendera madzimadzi (GB / T14976-2002) ndi chotenthetsera (chowonjezera, chokulitsidwa) komanso chozizira (chokulungidwa) chachikulu m'mimba mwake chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri choyendera madzimadzi.

17.Chubu chapadera chokhala ndi mainchesi akulu akulu ndi dzina lachubu lalikulu la mainchesi lalikulu ndi mawonekedwe ena agawo kupatula chubu chozungulira. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwa chitsulo chitoliro gawo, izo zikhoza kugawidwa mu wapadera woboola pakati lalikulu m'mimba mwake lalikulu chitoliro lalikulu ndi ofanana khoma makulidwe (code D), wapadera woboola pakati lalikulu m'mimba mwake lalikulu chitoliro ndi makulidwe osiyana khoma (code BD) ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chosasinthika chapadera chokhala ndi m'mimba mwake (code BJ). Machubu apadera okhala ndi mainchesi amakona anayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana, zida ndi zida zamakina. Poyerekeza ndi chitoliro chozungulira, chitoliro chowoneka mwapadera nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mphindi yokulirapo ya inertia ndi gawo modulus, ndipo chimakhala ndi kupindika kwakukulu komanso kukana kwa torsion, komwe kumatha kuchepetsa kulemera kwake ndikusunga chitsulo.

Zowonongeka zambiri za square chubu zimachitika chifukwa choboola, kotero njira yotumizira mphamvu ya square chubu yopanda kanthu ndiyo njira yofunika kwambiri popanga masikweya chubu. Vuto lalikulu pakubowoleza kwa aloyi wokwera kwambiri limakhala pakuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono. Pofuna kuonetsetsa khalidwe, m'pofunika rationally kusankha mapindikidwe magawo a perforation. Kuponderezana kochepa kumayambitsa kusakhazikika kwa ndondomeko ya perforation, kotero pamene psinjika yovuta ndi yaying'ono, pulagi iyenera kukhala kutsogolo, ndipo psinjikayo nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi 7%, mwinamwake sichidzaluma, kapena kuonjezera kuyenda kapena kupeza. unakakamira kutsogolo. Kuwonjezeka kwa kuponderezana kutsogolo kwa pulagi kumapanganso dzenje la dzenje ndikumira zowonongeka m'mawu. Choncho, ngati mukufuna kuthetsa vuto la utumiki wa makasitomala, chitoliro chopanda kanthu chiyenera kukhala chokhazikika, ndipo kuya kwake kopanda kanthu kwa centering kuyenera kufananizidwa ndi zitsulo zina. Chifukwa chake, makina otenthetsera ndi kutentha kwapakhomo komanso zofunikira pakuwotcha. Kutentha kwabwino kumadalira kwambiri ntchito yotentha ndi kutentha. Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka elliptical coefficient nthawi zambiri kamapangitsa kuti capillary ikhale yabwino ndikuchepetsa kupindika kwapang'onopang'ono. Komabe, ellipse coefficient ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kuvutikira kwa kasinthasintha wa chidutswa, komanso kupangitsa kuvala kwa mbale yowongolera, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuyambitsa zolakwika pamtunda. Choncho, kuvala kwa mbale yolondolera kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zambiri pamene sitimayo ikumanga chitoliro cha square. Akapezeka, ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mlingo wa ellipse uyenera kuyendetsedwa mkati mwa 1.07-1.08. Zimakhudza ntchito yachibadwa ya njira zotsatizana, komanso njira yofunika kwambiri yotenthetsera chubu chopanda kanthu, chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la mankhwala omalizidwa.