Mipope yachitsulo yopanda msoko ali m'gulu
Chitoliro chachitsulo sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza zinthu zamadzimadzi ndi ufa, kusinthanitsa mphamvu zotentha, kupanga zida zamakina ndi zotengera, komanso chitsulo chachuma. Kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chachitsulo kupanga gululi yomanga, mzati ndi chithandizo chamakina kumatha kuchepetsa kulemera, kupulumutsa chitsulo ndi 20 ~ 40%, ndikuzindikira zomangamanga zamafakitale komanso zamakina. Kupanga Milatho Yamsewu Wamsewu wokhala ndi mipope yachitsulo sikungopulumutsa zitsulo komanso kuphweka kumanga, komanso kuchepetsa kwambiri malo otetezera ndikusunga ndalama zogulira ndi kukonza. Mapaipi achitsulo amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri molingana ndi njira zopangira: mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika ndi mapaipi achitsulo. Mipope yachitsulo yowotcherera imatchedwa mapaipi otsekemera mwachidule.
1. Chitoliro chopanda msoko amatha kugawidwa mu chitoliro chotentha chosasinthika, chitoliro chozizira, chitoliro chokhazikika chachitsulo, chitoliro chotentha chowonjezera, chitoliro chozizira chozungulira ndi chitoliro chotuluka molingana ndi njira yopanga.
Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chamtengo wapatali cha carbon kapena alloy steel, chomwe chingagawidwe muzitsulo zotentha komanso zozizira (zojambula).
2.Welded zitsulo chitoliro lagawidwa ng'anjo welded chitoliro, kuwotcherera magetsi (kukana kuwotcherera) chitoliro ndi basi arc welded chitoliro chifukwa cha njira kuwotcherera osiyana. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuwotcherera, izo lagawidwa molunjika msoko welded chitoliro ndi kozungulira welded chitoliro. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake omaliza, amagawidwa mu chitoliro chozungulira chozungulira komanso choboola pakati (mabwalo, athyathyathya, etc.) chitoliro chowotcherera.
Chitoliro chachitsulo chokokedwa chimapangidwa ndi mbale yachitsulo yokulungidwa yowotcherera ndi matako kapena msoko wozungulira. Kumbali ya kupanga njira, iwonso anawagawa zitsulo chitoliro otsika-anzanu kufala madzimadzi, kozungulira msoko welded zitsulo chitoliro, mwachindunji adagulung'undisa welded zitsulo chitoliro, welded zitsulo chitoliro, etc. Wopanda chitsulo chitoliro angagwiritsidwe ntchito mapaipi madzi ndi mpweya. m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. mipope welded angagwiritsidwe ntchito mapaipi madzi, mapaipi mpweya, mapaipi Kutentha, mapaipi magetsi, etc.
The makina katundu wa zitsulo ndi index yofunika kuonetsetsa ntchito yomaliza utumiki (makina katundu) zitsulo, zomwe zimadalira kapangidwe mankhwala ndi kutentha mankhwala dongosolo zitsulo. Muyeso wachitsulo chachitsulo, malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zautumiki, katundu wothamanga (mphamvu yothamanga, mphamvu zokolola kapena zokolola, elongation), zizindikiro zolimba ndi zolimba, komanso kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsika komwe kumafunidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kumatchulidwa.
Mphamvu yayikulu (FB) yonyamulidwa ndi chithunzicho panthawi yamavuto, yogawidwa ndi gawo loyambira (so) lachitsanzo (σ), Otchedwa mphamvu yamakomedwe (σ b), mu N / mm2 (MPA). Zimayimira kuthekera kwakukulu kwa zida zachitsulo kukana kulephera pansi pamavuto.
Kwa zipangizo zachitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi zokolola, kupanikizika pamene chitsanzocho chikhoza kupitiriza kukula popanda kuwonjezereka (kusunga nthawi zonse) kupanikizika panthawi yazitsulo kumatchedwa zokolola. Ngati kupsinjika kumachepa, zokolola zapamwamba ndi zotsika zimasiyanitsidwa. Gawo la zokolola ndi n / mm2 (MPA).
Zokolola zapamwamba (σ Su): kupanikizika kwakukulu kusanachitike kupsinjika kwa zokolola kwa chitsanzo kumachepa kwa nthawi yoyamba; Malo otsika (σ SL): kupsinjika kochepa mu gawo la zokolola pamene zotsatira zoyamba nthawi yomweyo sizikuganiziridwa.
Njira yowerengera ya zokolola ndi:
Kumene: FS -- kupsinjika kwa zokolola (nthawi zonse) kwa zitsanzo panthawi yachisokonezo, n (Newton) kotero - gawo loyambirira lachitsanzo, mm2.
Pakuyesa kwamphamvu, kuchuluka kwa kutalika komwe kumawonjezeka ndi kutalika kwa sampuli pambuyo posweka mpaka kutalika kwa geji yoyambirira kumatchedwa elongation. ndi σ Kuwonetsedwa mu%. Njira yowerengera ndi: σ= (Lh-Lo)/L0*100%
Kumene: LH - kutalika kwa gauji pambuyo pakusweka kwa zitsanzo, mm; L0 -- kutalika kwa chiyerekezo choyambirira, mm.
Pakuyesa kwamphamvu, kuchuluka pakati pa kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu kwa gawo lodutsapo pamtunda wocheperako ndi gawo loyambirira la gawolo pambuyo poti fanizolo lathyoka limatchedwa kuchepetsa dera. ndi ψ Zowonetsedwa mu%. Fomula yowerengera ili motere:
Kumene: S0 -- gawo loyambirira lachitsanzo, mm2; S1 - malo ocheperako pang'ono pamtunda wocheperako pambuyo pakusweka kwa zitsanzo, mm2.
Kuthekera kwa zida zachitsulo kukana kulowa pansi kwa zinthu zolimba kumatchedwa kuuma. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kuuma kumatha kugawidwa kukhala kuuma kwa Brinell, kulimba kwa Rockwell, kulimba kwa Vickers, kulimba kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kulimba kwapang'ono komanso kuuma kwa kutentha kwambiri. Brinell, Rockwell ndi Vickers kuuma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi.
Kanikizani mpira wachitsulo kapena mpira wa simenti wa carbide wokhala ndi mainchesi angapo pamalo oyeserera ndi mphamvu yoyeserera (f), chotsani mphamvu yoyeserera itatha nthawi yoikika, ndikuyesa kukula kwa indentation (L) pachitsanzo. Nambala yolimba ya Brinell ndi quotient yomwe imapezeka pogawa mphamvu yoyesera ndi malo ozungulira a indentation. Zofotokozedwa mu HBS (mpira wachitsulo), unit: n / mm2 (MPA).
Kumene: F -- mphamvu yoyesera yopanikizidwa pamwamba pa zitsanzo zachitsulo, N; D - m'mimba mwake wa zitsulo mpira kuyesa, mm; D -- pafupifupi awiri a indentation, mm.
Kutsimikiza kwa kuuma kwa Brinell ndikolondola komanso kodalirika, koma nthawi zambiri HBS imagwira ntchito kuzinthu zachitsulo zomwe zili pansi pa 450N / mm2 (MPA), osati zitsulo zolimba kapena mbale zoonda. Brinell hardness ndiyomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamiyezo yazitsulo zachitsulo. Indentation diameter D nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonetsa kuuma kwa zinthu, zomwe zimakhala zomveka komanso zosavuta.
Chitsanzo: 120hbs10 / 1000 / 30: zikutanthauza kuti Brinell kuuma mtengo anayeza ntchito 10mm m'mimba mwake zitsulo mpira pansi zochita za 1000kgf (9.807kn) mayeso mphamvu 30s ndi 120N / mm2 (MPA).
