Large awiri kozungulira zitsulo chitoliro wopanga
a.Panthawi yopanga, mbale yachitsulo imapunduka mofanana, kupanikizika kotsalira kumakhala kochepa, ndipo pamwamba sichimawombera. The kukonzedwa ozungulira zitsulo chitoliro ali kusinthasintha kwambiri kukula ndi specifications osiyanasiyana awiri ndi khoma makulidwe, makamaka kupanga mkulu-kalasi wandiweyani khoma chitoliro, makamaka ang'onoang'ono ndi sing'anga wandiweyani khoma chitoliro, amene ali ubwino wosayerekezeka pa njira zina, ndipo amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zambiri za ogwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza za chitoliro chachitsulo chozungulira.
b. Njira yowotcherera ya arc yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri imatha kuzindikira kuwotcherera pamalo abwino kwambiri, zomwe sizili zophweka kukhala ndi zolakwika monga kusalongosoka, kupatuka kwa kuwotcherera ndi kulowa kosakwanira, ndipo ndikosavuta kuwongolera mtundu wa kuwotcherera.
c. Kuwunika kwa 100% kukuchitika pa chitoliro chachitsulo, kotero kuti njira yonse yopangira chitoliro chachitsulo ikuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'anitsitsa, ndipo khalidwe la mankhwala limatsimikiziridwa bwino.
d. Zida zonse za mzere wonse wopanga zimakhala ndi ntchito yolumikizirana ndi makina opezera deta yapakompyuta kuti azindikire kutumiza kwanthawi yeniyeni, ndipo magawo aukadaulo pakupanga amayang'aniridwa ndi chipinda chapakati chowongolera.
Chitoliro chachitsulo chozungulira chimayenera kuyesedwa ndi makina, kuyesa kwa flattening ndi kuyesa moto musanachoke kufakitale, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwa muyeso. Njira yowunikira bwino ya chitoliro chachitsulo chowongoka ndi motere:
1.Poyang'ana pamwamba, ndiye kuti, mukuyang'ana maonekedwe. Kuwunika kwa mawonekedwe a zolumikizira zowotcherera ndi njira yosavuta komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri yowunika. Ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika komaliza. Ndi makamaka kupeza zolakwika pa weld pamwamba ndi dimensional kupatuka. Nthawi zambiri, kuyang'ana kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kuwonera mothandizidwa ndi template yokhazikika, geji, galasi lokulitsa ndi zida zina. Ngati pali zolakwika pa weld pamwamba, pakhoza kukhala zolakwika mkati mwa weld.
2.Kuyesa kwa thupi: Njira yoyesera thupi ndi njira yoyezera kapena kuyesa pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zakuthupi. Kuyesa kosawonongeka nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'ana zolakwika zamkati zazinthu kapena zogwirira ntchito. NDT imaphatikizapo kuzindikira zolakwika za akupanga, kuzindikira zolakwika za radiographic, kuzindikira zolakwika, kuzindikira zolakwika za maginito, ndi zina zambiri.
3.Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwa ziwiya zokakamiza: kuphatikiza pakuyesa kolimba, kuyezetsa mphamvu kumachitidwanso zotengera zokakamiza. Pali mitundu iwiri yodziwika bwino: hydrostatic test ndi pneumatic test. Amatha kuyesa kulimba kwa weld kwa zombo ndi mapaipi omwe amagwira ntchito mopanikizika. Kuyesa kwa pneumatic kumakhala kosavuta komanso kwachangu kuposa kuyesa kwa hydraulic. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mankhwala oyesedwa safuna chithandizo cha ngalande, chomwe chiri choyenera makamaka kwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi madzi ovuta. Koma mayesowo ndi owopsa kuposa mayeso a hydrostatic. Pakuyesa, njira zofananira zachitetezo ziyenera kuwonedwa kuti zipewe ngozi panthawi ya mayeso.
4.Kuyesa kwamphamvu: paziwiya zowotcherera zomwe zimasunga madzi kapena gasi, zolakwika zosaphatikizika za ma welds, monga ming'alu yolowera, pores, kuphatikizika kwa slag, kulowa kosakwanira komanso mawonekedwe otayirira, zitha kupezeka poyesa compactness. Njira zoyeserera za compactness zikuphatikiza kuyesa kwa palafini, kuyesa kunyamula madzi, kuyesa kwamadzi, ndi zina.
5.Pakuyesa kwa hydrostatic, chitoliro chilichonse chachitsulo chiyenera kuyesedwa ndi hydrostatic popanda kutayikira. Kupanikizika kwa mayeso kumawerengedwa ngati P = 2st / D, pomwe s - Kupsinjika kwa Mayeso MPa kuyesa kwa hydrostatic, ndipo kupsinjika kwa mayeso a hydrostatic kumasankhidwa ngati 60% ya mtengo wocheperako wotchulidwa muyeso lolingana lamba wachitsulo (Q235). ndi 235mpa). Kupanikizika kukhazikika nthawi: D. kutenthetsa kozungulira kwachitsulo chitoliro chamadzimadzi kufala kudzakhala pansi pa X-ray kapena akupanga kuyendera (20%).
Malinga ndi zotsatira zoyendera bwino za chitoliro chachitsulo chozungulira, chitoliro chachitsulo chozungulira chimagawika m'magulu atatu: zinthu zoyenerera, zokonzedwanso ndi zinyalala. Zogulitsa zoyenerera zimatanthawuza mipope yachitsulo yozungulira yomwe maonekedwe ake ndi khalidwe lamkati limakumana ndi zofunikira kapena luso lovomerezeka kuti avomereze; Zogulitsa zokonzedwa zimatanthawuza mipope yachitsulo yozungulira yomwe maonekedwe ake ndi khalidwe lamkati silikugwirizana bwino ndi miyezo ndi zikhalidwe zovomerezeka, koma amaloledwa kukonzedwa, ndipo akhoza kukwaniritsa miyezo ndi kuvomereza pambuyo pokonza; Zotsalira zimatanthawuza chitoliro chachitsulo chozungulira chomwe maonekedwe ake ndi khalidwe lamkati silili oyenerera, zomwe siziloledwa kukonzedwa kapena kulephera kukwaniritsa miyezo ndi kuvomereza pambuyo pokonza.
Zinyalala zimagawidwa kukhala zinyalala zamkati ndi zinyalala zakunja. Zinyalala zamkati zimatanthawuza chitoliro chachitsulo cha zinyalala chomwe chimapezeka muzitsulo zoyambira kapena zoyambira; Zinyalala zakunja zimatanthawuza zinyalala zomwe zimapezeka pambuyo popereka chitoliro cha zitsulo zozungulira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimawululidwa popanga makina, kutentha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo kuwonongeka kwake kwachuma kumakhala kokulirapo kuposa zinyalala zamkati. Pofuna kuchepetsa zinyalala zakunja, mipope yachitsulo yozungulira yomwe imapangidwa m'magulu iyenera kutsatiridwa poyesa kutentha kutentha ndi kukonza movutikira musanachoke pafakitale, ndipo zofooka zapaipi yazitsulo zozungulira ziyenera kupezeka muzomera zachitsulo zozungulira momwe zingathere. kuti achitepo kanthu koyenera kukonza mwamsanga.
1) Zitsulo zazing'ono ndi zazing'onoting'onoting'ono, ndodo ya waya, chilimbikitso, chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala ndi m'mimba mwake, waya wachitsulo ndi chingwe chachitsulo chachitsulo akhoza kusungidwa mu nyumba yosungiramo mpweya wabwino, koma ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi kupakidwa.
2) Zitsulo zina zazing'ono, pepala lachitsulo, chingwe chachitsulo, pepala lachitsulo cha silicon, chitoliro chaching'ono kapena chopanda khoma, zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zozizira komanso zozizira komanso zitsulo zokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba komanso dzimbiri zosavuta zimatha kusungidwa m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu.
3)Malo kapena nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zopangira zitoliro zachitsulo zozungulira azikhala pamalo oyera komanso opanda chotchinga, kutali ndi mafakitale ndi migodi yomwe imatulutsa mpweya woyipa kapena fumbi. Udzu ndi zina zonse ziyenera kuchotsedwa pamalopo kuti zitsulo zikhale zoyera.
4) Large gawo zitsulo, njanji, mbale zitsulo, lalikulu m'mimba mwake zitsulo chitoliro, forging, etc. akhoza zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo panja.
5)Sitiloledwa kuyika ndi asidi, alkali, mchere, simenti ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimawononga zitsulo m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitsulo iyenera kupakidwa padera kuti zisasokonezeke komanso kukhudzana ndi dzimbiri.
6)Malo osungiramo katundu adzasankhidwa malinga ndi malo. Nthawi zambiri, imatenga nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zotsekedwa, ndiye kuti, nyumba yosungiramo katundu yokhala ndi denga, mpanda, zitseko zolimba ndi mawindo ndi zida zolowera mpweya.
7) Nyumba yosungiramo katunduyo iyenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira masiku adzuwa, kutsekedwa m'masiku amvula kuti ateteze chinyezi, ndipo nthawi zonse azikhala ndi malo oyenera osungira.
