Malo ogulitsa a chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala ndi zinki chachikulu
kanasonkhezereka zitsulo chitoliro lagawidwa ozizira kanasonkhezereka zitsulo chitoliro ndi otentha-kuviika kanasonkhezereka zitsulo chitoliro. Chitoliro chachitsulo chozizira chakhala choletsedwa, ndipo chotsirizirachi chimalimbikitsidwanso ndi boma kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito kwakanthawi. M’zaka za m’ma 1960 ndi m’ma 1970, maiko otukuka padziko lonse anayamba kupanga mapaipi atsopano, ndipo mapaipi a malata anali oletsedwa limodzi ndi lina. Unduna wa zomanga ku China ndi maunduna ndi makomiti ena anayi anenanso momveka bwino kuti mapaipi a malata akhala oletsedwa ngati mapaipi operekera madzi kuyambira 2000. Mapaipi a malata sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'mapaipi amadzi ozizira m'madera atsopano, ndipo mapaipi a malata amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapaipi amadzi otentha. m'madera ena. Hot dip kanasonkhezereka zitsulo chitoliro chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi moto, mphamvu yamagetsi ndi molunjika. Hot kuviika kanasonkhezereka zitsulo mapaipi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito yomanga, makina, migodi malasha, makampani mankhwala, mphamvu yamagetsi, magalimoto njanji, makampani magalimoto, misewu, milatho, muli, malo masewera, makina ulimi, makina mafuta, kufufuza makina ndi mafakitale ena kupanga.
Welded zitsulo chitoliro ndi otentha-kuviika kapena electro kanasonkhezereka ❖ kuyanika pamwamba kanasonkhezereka zitsulo chitoliro. Galvanizing kuonjezera dzimbiri kukana mipope zitsulo ndi kutalikitsa moyo wawo utumiki. Chitoliro cha galvanized chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati payipi yapaipi yotumizira madzi, gasi, mafuta ndi madzi ena otsika kwambiri, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chitoliro chamafuta ndi chitoliro chotumizira mafuta m'makampani amafuta, makamaka m'minda yamafuta akunyanja, chowotcha mafuta, chozizira chamafuta. ndi malasha distillation mafuta ochapira exchanger wa mankhwala coking zida, trestle chitoliro mulu, thandizo chimango chitoliro cha ngalandeyo mgodi, etc. Hot kuviika kanasonkhezereka chitoliro ndi kupanga chitsulo chosungunuka anachita ndi chitsulo masanjidwewo kupanga aloyi wosanjikiza, kuti kuphatikiza masanjidwewo ndi ❖ kuyanika. . Hot dip galvanizing ndi pickle zitsulo chitoliro choyamba. Pofuna kuchotsa chitsulo okusayidi padziko zitsulo chitoliro, pambuyo pickling, ndi kutsukidwa mu ammonium kolorayidi kapena nthaka mankhwala enaake amadzimadzi njira kapena ammonium kolorayidi ndi nthaka mankhwala enaake osakaniza amadzimadzi njira thanki, ndiyeno anatumiza otentha kuviika galvanizing thanki. Hot dip galvanizing ali ndi ubwino wokutira yunifolomu, kumamatira mwamphamvu komanso moyo wautali wautumiki. Matrix a chitoliro chachitsulo chovimbidwa chotentha chimakhala ndi zovuta zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala ndi njira yosungunula yosungunuka kuti ipange wosanjikiza wosakanika wa zinc ferroalloy wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika. Chosanjikiza cha alloy chimaphatikizidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa zinc koyera ndi masanjidwe achitsulo chachitsulo, kotero chimakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri. Cold kanasonkhezereka chitoliro ndi electro kanasonkhezereka. Kuchuluka kwa malata ndikochepa kwambiri, kokha 10-50g / m2. Kukaniza kwake kwa dzimbiri ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi chitoliro cha malata otentha. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti khalidweli, ambiri okhazikika kanasonkhezereka chitoliro opanga si ntchito electro galvanizing (ozizira plating). Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono okha omwe ali ndi zida zazing'ono komanso zakale amagwiritsa ntchito electro galvanizing, ndithudi, mtengo wawo ndi wotsika mtengo. Unduna wa zomangamanga walengeza kuti mapaipi ozizira ozizira okhala ndi ukadaulo wakumbuyo adzathetsedwa ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapaipi amadzi ndi gasi. The kanasonkhezereka wosanjikiza ozizira kanasonkhezereka zitsulo chitoliro ndi electroplating wosanjikiza, ndi wosanjikiza nthaka wosiyana ndi zitsulo chitoliro gawo lapansi. Zinc wosanjikiza ndi woonda, ndipo zinki wosanjikiza amangomangiriridwa ku matrix achitsulo chitoliro, chomwe ndi chosavuta kugwa. Chifukwa chake, kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri ndikochepa. M'nyumba zatsopano, ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi achitsulo ozizira ngati mapaipi operekera madzi.
Makulidwe a khoma (mm): 2.0, 2.5, 2.8, 3.2, 3.5, 3.8, 4.0, 4.5.
Magawo apakati (c): 1.064, 1.051, 1.045, 1.040, 1.036, 1.034, 1.032, 1.028.
Zindikirani: katundu wamakina wachitsulo ndi ndondomeko yofunikira kuti atsimikizire kuti ntchito yomaliza yautumiki (makina) yachitsulo, yomwe imadalira mankhwala opangira mankhwala ndi kutentha kwazitsulo. Muyeso wachitsulo chachitsulo, malinga ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zautumiki, katundu wothamanga (mphamvu yothamanga, mphamvu zokolola kapena zokolola, elongation), zizindikiro zolimba ndi zolimba, komanso kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsika komwe kumafunidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kumatchulidwa.
Kalasi yachitsulo: q215a; Q215B; Q235A; Q235B.
Mayeso kuthamanga mtengo / MPA: d10.2-168.3mm ndi 3Mpa; D177.8-323.9mm ndi 5MPa
National muyezo ndi gawo muyezo wa kanasonkhezereka chitoliro
GB / t3091-2015 welded zitsulo chitoliro kwa otsika kuthamanga madzimadzi mayendedwe
Msoko wowongoka welded zitsulo chitoliro (GB / t13793-2016)
GB / t21835-2008 welded zitsulo chitoliro miyeso ndi kulemera pa unit kutalika
Ntchito yofala ya chitoliro cha malata ndikuti chitoliro chachitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira gasi ndi kutenthetsa chimakhalanso chitoliro champhamvu. Monga chitoliro chamadzi, chitoliro cha malata chimatulutsa dzimbiri mu chitoliro pambuyo pa zaka zingapo chikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Madzi achikasu samangoipitsa zinthu zaukhondo, komanso osakanikirana ndi mabakiteriya oswana pakhoma lamkati losasunthika. Kudzimbiri kumayambitsa zitsulo zolemera kwambiri m'madzi ndipo zimayika thanzi la anthu pachiwopsezo.
Kutuluka kwa ndondomekoyi ndi motere: chubu chakuda - kutsuka kwa alkali - kutsuka madzi - pickling asidi - kutsuka ndi madzi oyera - zowonjezera zowonjezera - kuyanika - kutentha kwa dip galvanizing - Kuwomba kunja - kuwomba mkati - kuziziritsa kwa mpweya - kuziziritsa madzi - kupatsirana - kutsuka madzi - Kuyang'anira - kuyeza - kusunga.
1. Brand ndi mankhwala
Kalasi ndi mankhwala zikuchokera zitsulo kwa kanasonkhezereka zitsulo chitoliro ayenera kutsatira kalasi ndi mankhwala zikuchokera zitsulo wakuda chitoliro chotchulidwa GB / t3091.
2. Njira yopanga
Njira yopangira chitoliro chakuda (kuwotchera ng'anjo kapena kuwotcherera magetsi) idzasankhidwa ndi wopanga. Hot dip galvanizing njira idzatengedwa kuti ikhale galvanizing.
3. Ulusi ndi chitoliro cholumikizira
(a) Kwa mapaipi achitsulo opangidwa ndi malata operekedwa ndi ulusi, ulusiwo uyenera kutembenuzidwa pambuyo pokoleza. Ulusi uyenera kutsatira Yb 822.
(b) Mapaipi achitsulo azitsatira Yb 238; Mapaipi achitsulo osungunuka amayenera kutsatira Yb 230.
4. Makina opangira makina a mapaipi achitsulo asanapangire malata ayenera kutsatira zomwe GB 3091 ikupereka.
5. Kufanana kwa ❖ kuyanika malata mipope zitsulo adzayesedwa yunifolomu ❖ kuyanika malata. Chitsanzo cha chitoliro chachitsulo chiyenera kumizidwa mosalekeza mu njira ya sulfate yamkuwa kwa kasanu ndipo sichidzasanduka chofiira (mtundu wa copper plating).
6. Cold kupinda mayeso: kanasonkhezereka zitsulo chitoliro ndi awiri mwadzina osati wamkulu kuposa 50mm adzakhala pansi ozizira kupinda mayeso. Mbali yopindika ndi 90 °, ndipo utali wopindika ndi nthawi 8 za m'mimba mwake. Pakuyesa popanda filler, weld wa chitsanzo adzaikidwa kunja kapena kumtunda kwa njira kupinda. Pambuyo pa kuyesedwa, chitsanzocho chizikhala chopanda ming'alu ndi kuphulika kwa nthaka wosanjikiza.
7. Kuyesa kwa Hydrostatic kuyesa kwa hydrostatic kudzachitika mu chitoliro chakuda, kapena kuzindikira zolakwika za eddy kungagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa kuyesa kwa hydrostatic. Kupanikizika kwa mayeso kapena kukula kwa chitsanzo chofananitsa cha kudziwika kwa eddy pakali pano kudzagwirizana ndi zomwe GB 3092 imaperekedwa.
① Mphamvu yamphamvu (σ b): mphamvu yayikulu (FB) yotengedwa ndi chitsanzo panthawi yachisokonezo, yogawidwa ndi gawo loyambirira (choncho) lachitsanzo ((σ), Chotchedwa tensile mphamvu (σ b) , mu N / mm2 (MPA). Zimayimira kuthekera kwakukulu kwa zida zachitsulo kukana kulephera pansi pamavuto. Kumene: FB -- mphamvu yochuluka yotengedwa ndi chitsanzo ikasweka, n (Newton); Kotero -- gawo loyambirira lachitsanzo, mm2.
② Zokolola (σ s) : kwa zipangizo zachitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi zokolola, kupanikizika pamene chitsanzocho chikhoza kupitiriza kukula popanda kuwonjezeka (kusunga nthawi zonse) kupsinjika maganizo panthawi yachitsulo, yomwe imatchedwa kuti zokolola. Ngati kupsinjika kumachepa, zokolola zapamwamba ndi zotsika zimasiyanitsidwa. Gawo la zokolola ndi n / mm2 (MPA). Zokolola zapamwamba (σ Su): kupsinjika kwakukulu kusanachitike kupsinjika kwa zokolola kwachitsanzo kumachepa kwa nthawi yoyamba; Malo otsika (σ SL): kupsinjika kochepa mu gawo la zokolola pamene zotsatira zoyamba pompopompo sizikuganiziridwa. Kumene: FS -- kupsinjika kwa zokolola (nthawi zonse) kwa zitsanzo panthawi yachisokonezo, n (Newton) kotero - gawo loyambirira lachitsanzo, mm2.
③ Kutalikirana pambuyo pa kusweka: ( σ) Pakuyesa kwamphamvu, kuchuluka kwa kutalika kwake kumawonjezeka ndi kutalika kwa sampuli pambuyo posweka mpaka kutalika kwa geji yoyambirira kumatchedwa elongation. ndi σ Kuwonetsedwa mu%. Kumene: L1 - kutalika kwa gauge pambuyo pakusweka kwa zitsanzo, mm; L0 -- kutalika kwa chiyerekezo choyambirira, mm.
④ Kuchepetsa malo: (ψ) Pakuyesa kwamphamvu, kuchuluka kwapakati pa kuchepetsedwa kwakukulu kwa gawo lodutsapo pamtunda wocheperako ndi gawo loyambirira lagawo pambuyo poti fanizolo litasweka limatchedwa kuchepetsa dera. ndi ψ Zowonetsedwa mu%. Kumene: S0 -- gawo loyambirira lachitsanzo, mm2; S1 - malo ocheperako pang'ono pamtunda wocheperako pambuyo pakusweka kwa zitsanzo, mm2.
⑤ Kuuma index: kuthekera kwa zida zachitsulo kukana kulowa mkati mwa zinthu zolimba kumatchedwa kuuma. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoyesera ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito, kuuma kumatha kugawidwa kukhala kuuma kwa Brinell, kulimba kwa Rockwell, kulimba kwa Vickers, kulimba kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kulimba kwapang'ono komanso kuuma kwa kutentha kwambiri. Brinell, Rockwell ndi Vickers kuuma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi.
Kulimba kwa Brinell (HB): kanikizani mpira wachitsulo kapena mpira wa simenti wa carbide wokhala ndi mainchesi angapo pamalo oyeserera ndi mphamvu yoyeserera (f), chotsani mphamvu yoyesera itatha nthawi yogwira, ndikuyesa mainchesi awiri (L) sampuli pamwamba. Nambala yolimba ya Brinell ndi quotient yomwe imapezeka pogawa mphamvu yoyesera ndi malo ozungulira a indentation. Zofotokozedwa mu HBS (mpira wachitsulo), unit: n / mm2 (MPA).
(1) Mpweya; Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa carbon, kumapangitsanso kuuma kwachitsulo, koma kumayipitsa pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwake
(2) Sulfure; Ndi zonyansa zovulaza muzitsulo. Chitsulo chokhala ndi sulfure wambiri chimakhala chosavuta kusungunula panthawi yopangira mphamvu pa kutentha kwakukulu, komwe nthawi zambiri kumadziwika kuti matenthedwe ambrittlement.
(3) Phosphorus; Ikhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwachitsulo, makamaka pa kutentha kochepa. Chodabwitsa ichi chimatchedwa ozizira brittleness. Muzitsulo zapamwamba, sulfure ndi phosphorous ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa. Komano, chitsulo chochepa cha carbon chili ndi sulfure ndi phosphorous, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zikhale zosavuta kudula, zomwe zimapindulitsa kupititsa patsogolo machinability zitsulo.
(4) Manganese; Ikhoza kusintha mphamvu ya chitsulo, kufooketsa ndi kuthetsa mavuto a sulfure, ndi kupititsa patsogolo kuuma kwachitsulo. Chitsulo chachikulu cha aloyi (chitsulo chachikulu cha manganese) chokhala ndi manganese ambiri chimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino komanso zinthu zina zakuthupi
(5) Silikoni; Ikhoza kusintha kuuma kwachitsulo, koma pulasitiki ndi kulimba kumachepa. Chitsulo chamagetsi chimakhala ndi silicon yambiri, yomwe imatha kusintha mphamvu ya maginito yofewa
(6) Tungsten; Ikhoza kusintha kuuma kofiira ndi mphamvu yotentha yachitsulo, ndikuwongolera kukana kwachitsulo
(7) Chromium; Itha kusintha kuuma ndi kuvala kukana kwachitsulo, ndikuwongolera kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi kukana kwa okosijeni kwachitsulo.
Pofuna kukonza dzimbiri kukana chitoliro zitsulo, ambiri zitsulo chitoliro (wakuda chitoliro) ndi kanasonkhezereka. kanasonkhezereka zitsulo chitoliro lagawidwa otentha-kuviika galvanizing ndi magetsi zitsulo nthaka. Kutentha-kuviika galvanizing wosanjikiza ndi wandiweyani ndipo mtengo galvanizing magetsi ndi otsika, kotero pali kanasonkhezereka zitsulo chitoliro.
