Opanga olimba amatha kusintha machubu owala molondola
Zomwe zimatentha kwambiri pakutentha kwamphamvu kwa chubu chowala bwino nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa kuti ndi chifukwa cha tsankho la zinthu zonyansa monga phosphorous, malata, antimoni ndi arsenic pamalire ambewu ya austenite, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malire a tirigu awonongeke. Zinthu za aloyi monga manganese, faifi tambala ndi chromium zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zonyansa zomwe zili pamwambazi pamalire ambewu, zomwe zimathandizira kuchulukitsitsa kwa zinthu zodetsedwa ndikukulitsa kutukusira. M'malo mwake, molybdenum imakhala ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu ndi phosphorous ndi zinthu zina zonyansa, zomwe zimatha kutulutsa mpweya mu kristalo ndikulepheretsa kugawanika kwa phosphorous m'malire a tirigu, zomwe zingachepetse kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kwapamwamba. Zinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi zimakhalanso ndi zotsatira zofanana ndi molybdenum. Titaniyamu imatha kulimbikitsa mpweya wa phosphorous ndi zinthu zina zonyansa mu krustalo, kuti ifooketse malire a malire a zinthu zodetsedwa ndikuchepetsa kuzizira kwambiri.
Miyezo yochepetsera kutentha kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa machubu owoneka bwino ndi awa: (1) pambuyo pa kutentha kwakukulu, kuziziritsa kwamafuta kapena kuzizira kwamadzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tsankho la zinthu zodetsedwa pamalire ambewu (2) Pamene molybdenum Zomwe zili muzitsulo zimawonjezeka kufika pa 0,7%, chizolowezi cha embrittlement cha kutentha kwapamwamba chimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kupitilira malire awa, machubu 20 # olondola achitsulo amapanga ma carbides apadera olemera mu molybdenum, zomwe zili mu matrix a molybdenum zimachepa, ndipo chizolowezi chowoneka bwino cha machubu owala bwino chimawonjezeka (3) kuchepetsa 20 # zomwe zili ndi zinthu zosadetsedwa mu chitoliro chachitsulo cholondola (4) ) N'zovuta kupewa embrittlement mbali ntchito mu mkulu-kutentha tempering embrittlement m'dera kwa nthawi yaitali powonjezera molybdenum yekha. Pokhapokha pochepetsa 20 # zodetsa zomwe zili mu chitoliro chachitsulo cholondola, kuwongolera chitoliro chowoneka bwino, chophatikizidwa ndi ma aluminiyamu ophatikizika ndi zinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi, zomwe zimatha kupewedwa bwino.
Pakadali pano, pali zopangira zopitilira 5100 zomwe zili pansi pamakampani opitilira 1850 m'maiko opitilira 110, kuphatikiza mbewu zopitilira 260 pansi pamakampani opitilira 170 m'maiko 44. Mu 2000, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chitoliro chopanda msoko ku China kunali matani 4.18 miliyoni, kuphatikiza matani 3.821 miliyoni azinthu zapakhomo, zomwe zimawerengera 91.4% yazofunikira zonse zapakhomo. Zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zinali matani 359000, zomwe zimawerengera 8.59% yazomwe zimafunikira pakhomo. M'chaka chomwecho, kumwa kwa mapaipi amafuta kunali pafupifupi matani 910000. Kutengerako kuli pafupifupi matani 252000. Mapaipi otumizidwa kunja amatenga pafupifupi 70% ya zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba, zomwe mipope yotumizidwa kunja imakhala ndi 27.69% yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba, ndipo mapaipi amafuta amawerengera pafupifupi 70% ya chiwopsezo chonse cha mipope yopanda msoko. Mapaipi amafuta otumizidwa kuchokera ku Japan amaposa theka la zinthu zonse zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja. Tianjin zitsulo kampani chitoliro, China yaikulu mafuta casing m'munsi kupanga m'munsi, opangidwa matani 522000 zitsulo chitoliro mankhwala mu 2000, kuphatikizapo matani 364100 casing mafuta. Casing amawerengera theka la mafuta adziko lonse. Ili pamalo oyamba mumsika waku China wotengera kuchuluka kwa zotulutsa ndi kuchuluka kwa malonda.
Kuchokera kumisika yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi yapakhomo, mphamvu yopangira yomwe ilipo ya mapaipi opanda msoko (kuphatikiza mapaipi apadera amafuta) yapitilira kufunika. Chifukwa chake, m'tsogolomu, kuyang'ana kwambiri kuyenera kukhala pakupereka kusewera kwathunthu ku mphamvu zamagawo omwe alipo komanso kupanga zinthu monga mapaipi amafuta, mapaipi opopera opopera kwambiri komanso mapaipi a silinda a gasi okhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kuwonongeka kwakukulu komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri. Ndilinso zomwe zikuwongolera kapangidwe kazinthu pamsika waku China zitsulo. Ichinso ndiye chinsinsi chowonjezera kupikisana kwazinthu kunyumba ndi kunja ndikukulitsa gawo la msika. Ndiko kunena kuti, kuwongolera mpikisano wamsika wamabizinesi apakhomo achitsulo ndi ntchito yayitali komanso chinsinsi chakukula bwino kwamabizinesi apakhomo pambuyo polowa China ku WTO.
