Msokonezo zitsulo chitoliro mwachindunji malonda a zipangizo zosiyanasiyana
Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zonse zozungulira, ndipo chitoliro chachitsulo popanda kuwotcherera pamwamba chimatchedwa chitoliro chopanda chitsulo. Malinga ndi njira yopanga, chitoliro chopanda chitsulo chingagawidwe mu chitoliro chachitsulo chotentha, chozizira chozizira chopanda chitsulo, chitoliro chozizira chokoka, chitoliro chopanda phokoso, chitoliro chopanda phokoso, chitoliro chachitsulo, ndi zina zotero. mapaipi achitsulo amagawidwa kukhala mipope yozungulira komanso yooneka ngati yapadera. Mapaipi ooneka ngati apadera ali ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ovuta monga masikweya, oval, triangular, hexagonal, mbewu ya vwende, nyenyezi ndi mapaipi amapiko. Kutalika kwakukulu ndi 900mm ndipo osachepera awiri ndi 4mm. Malinga ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, pali wandiweyani khoma Seamless zitsulo chitoliro ndi woonda khoma Seamless chitsulo chitoliro. Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chitoliro chobowola petroleum, chitoliro chophwanyika chamakampani a petrochemical, chitoliro cha boiler, chitoliro chonyamulira komanso chitoliro chachitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri chagalimoto, thirakitala ndi ndege.
1.Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chosasunthika chimakulungidwa ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi mpweya wamba, chitsulo chochepa cha aloyi kapena chitsulo chopangidwa ndi aloyi, chomwe chimatuluka kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mapaipi kapena zigawo zomangira potengera madzimadzi.
2. Pali mitundu itatu yopereka malinga ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana:
a. Perekani malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi makina katundu;
b. Perekani molingana ndi mawotchi;
c.Amaperekedwa malinga ndi mayeso a hydrostatic. Ngati chitoliro chachitsulo choperekedwa molingana ndi gulu A ndi B chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi, chidzayesedwanso ndi hydrostatic test.
3. Mapaipi opanda msoko pazifukwa zapadera amaphatikiza mapaipi opanda msoko a ma boiler, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko a geology ndi mapaipi opanda msoko a petroleum.
Chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chili ndi gawo lopanda kanthu ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati payipi yotumizira madzimadzi, monga mapaipi otumizira mafuta, gasi, gasi, madzi ndi zinthu zina zolimba. Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zolimba monga zitsulo zozungulira, chitoliro chachitsulo chimakhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi yozungulira komanso yopepuka komanso yopepuka. Ndi chuma gawo zitsulo.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zamakina ndi zida zamakina, monga chitoliro chobowola mafuta, shaft yotumizira magalimoto, chimango cha njinga ndi scaffold yachitsulo yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu, kufewetsa njira zopangira, kusunga zipangizo ndi maola okonza. Zapangidwa kwambiri ndi chitoliro chachitsulo.
① Main kupanga ndondomeko otentha adagulung'undisa zitsulo chitoliro (△ kuuyendera ndondomeko):
Kukonzekera ndi kuyang'anitsitsa chitoliro chopanda kanthu △ → Kutentha kwa chitoliro chopanda kanthu → kubowoleza → kupukuta chitoliro → kutenthetsanso chitoliro chachitsulo → kukula (kuchepetsa) → kutentha kwa chitoliro △ → kuwongola chitoliro chomalizidwa → kutsirizitsa → kuyang'anira △ (chosawononga, thupi ndi mankhwala, kuyang'anira benchi ) → malo osungira
② Njira zazikulu zopangira chitoliro chozizira (chokoka) chosasunthika chachitsulo:
Kukonzekera popanda kanthu → pickling ndi mafuta → kugudubuza ozizira (kujambula) → kutentha kutentha → kuwongola → kumaliza → kuyang'ana
Ambiri kupanga ndondomeko ya seamless zitsulo chitoliro akhoza kugawidwa mu zojambula ozizira ndi otentha anagubuduza. Njira yopangira chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chozizira nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kuposa kugudubuza kotentha. Chitoliro chopanda kanthu chiyenera kuyamba kugwedezeka katatu mosalekeza, ndipo kuyesa kwa sizing kudzachitika pambuyo pa extrusion. Ngati pamwamba sikugwirizana ndi mng'alu, chitoliro chozungulira chiyenera kudulidwa ndi chodula kuti chidulecho ndi kukula kwa pafupifupi mita imodzi. Ndiye kulowa annealing ndondomeko. Msuziwo uyenera kutsukidwa ndi madzi a asidi. Pa pickling, samalani ngati pali thovu zambiri pamwamba. Ngati pali thovu zambiri, zimasonyeza kuti khalidwe la chitsulo chitoliro silingagwirizane ndi miyezo yoyenera. Maonekedwe a chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chozizira ndi chachifupi kuposa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chotentha. Kukhuthala kwa khoma la chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chozizira nthawi zambiri chimakhala chocheperako kuposa chitoliro chachitsulo chosakanizidwa chotentha, koma pamwamba pake chimawoneka chowala kuposa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika. Kumwamba sikovuta kwambiri ndipo m'mimba mwake si ma burrs ambiri.
Kutumiza kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chotentha nthawi zambiri chimatenthedwa ndikuperekedwa pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha. Pambuyo poyang'anitsitsa khalidwe, chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chotentha chiyenera kusankhidwa pamanja ndi ogwira ntchito. Pambuyo poyang'anitsitsa bwino, pamwamba pake padzakhala mafuta, ndikutsatiridwa ndi zojambula zambiri zozizira. Pambuyo pa kugudubuza kotentha, kuyesa kwa perforation kudzachitika. Ngati kukulitsa kwa perforation kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kumawongoleredwa ndikuwongolera. Pambuyo kuwongola, imapatsira ku chowunikira cholakwika ndi conveyor kuti ayese kuzindikira zolakwika. Potsirizira pake, imalembedwa ndi kuikidwa m'nyumba yosungiramo katundu pambuyo pokonza ndondomeko.
chubu chozungulira chilibe kanthu → kutenthetsa → kubowola → kugudubuza katatu, kugudubuza kosalekeza kapena kutulutsa → kuvula chitoliro → kukula (kapena kuchepetsa) → kuzizira → kuwongola → kuyesa kwa hydrostatic (kapena kuzindikira zolakwika) → chizindikiro → chitoliro chosungiramo chitsulo chosasokonezeka chapangidwa ndi chitsulo chachitsulo kapena cholimba chubu akusowekapo perforation, ndiyeno otentha adagulung'undisa, ozizira adagulung'undisa kapena ozizira kukokedwa. Mafotokozedwe a chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika amawonetsedwa ma mm akunja awiri * makulidwe a khoma.
The awiri akunja otentha-anagulung'undisa chitoliro wopanda msoko zambiri kuposa 32mm, ndipo makulidwe khoma ndi 2.5-200mm. The awiri akunja ozizira adagulung'undisa zitsulo chitoliro akhoza mpaka 6mm, makulidwe khoma akhoza kufika 0.25mm, awiri akunja chitoliro woonda-mipanda akhoza kukhala 5mm, ndipo makulidwe khoma ndi zosakwana 0.25mm. Kugudubuza kozizira kumakhala kolondola kwambiri kuposa kugudubuza kotentha.
Nthawi zambiri, mapaipi achitsulo opanda msoko amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zapamwamba kwambiri zomangika ndi mpweya monga 10, 20, 30, 35 ndi 45, zitsulo zotsika kwambiri monga 16Mn ndi 5mnv, kapena zitsulo zomangika monga 40Cr, 30CrMnSi, 40MnB ndi 40MnB. 10. Mapaipi opanda msoko opangidwa ndi chitsulo chochepa cha carbon monga 20 amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamapaipi otumizira madzimadzi. Mapaipi opanda msoko opangidwa ndi chitsulo chapakati cha kaboni monga 45 ndi 40Cr amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zamakina, monga mbali zopanikizika zamagalimoto ndi mathirakitala. Nthawi zambiri, kuyesa kwamphamvu ndi kupendekeka kwa chitoliro chopanda chitsulo chopanda chitsulo kudzatsimikizika. Mipope yachitsulo yoyaka moto idzaperekedwa kumalo otentha akugudubuza kapena kutentha kutentha; Cold rolling amaperekedwa pa kutentha kutentha.
Kugudubuza kotentha, monga momwe dzinalo limatanthawuzira, kutentha kwa chidutswa chokulungidwa ndipamwamba, kotero kukana kwa mapindikidwe kumakhala kochepa ndipo kusinthika kwakukulu kungathe kuchitika. Kutengera kugubuduza kwa mbale yachitsulo monga mwachitsanzo, makulidwe a slab mosalekeza nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi 230mm, pomwe pambuyo pakugudubuza movutikira ndikumaliza, makulidwe omaliza ndi 1 ~ 20mm. Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa m'lifupi makulidwe chiŵerengero cha mbale zitsulo ndi yaing'ono ndi zofunika zolondola dimensional ndi otsika, vuto mawonekedwe si zophweka kuchitika, ndi convexity makamaka ankalamulira. Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi zofunikira pagulu, nthawi zambiri amazindikiridwa kudzera mukugudubuzika koyendetsedwa ndi kuziziritsa koyendetsedwa, ndiko kuti, kuwongolera kutentha koyambira komanso kutentha komaliza komaliza. chubu chozungulira chilibe kanthu → kutenthetsa → kubowoleza → mutu → kuthirira → kutsotsa → kuthira mafuta (kubisala mkuwa) → zojambula zambiri zozizirira (zozizira) → chubu chopanda kanthu → chithandizo cha kutentha → kuwongola → kuyesa kwa hydrostatic (kuzindikira zolakwika) → kuyika chizindikiro → malo osungira.
