Kupanga zosiyanasiyana mwatsatanetsatane owala machubu
Chitoliro cholondola ndi mtundu wa chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chokhala ndi mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri komanso kuwala kwakukulu kopangidwa ndi kujambula kozizira kapena kugudubuza kozizira. Kukula kwake kwamkati ndi kunja kumatha kukhala kolondola mpaka mkati mwa 0.2mm. Sikuti amangotsimikizira kupindika ndi mphamvu ya torsional, komanso imakhala ndi kulemera kopepuka. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zida zamakina olondola komanso zomangamanga. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zida zosiyanasiyana wamba, mbiya, zipolopolo, zonyamula, etc.
Zida wamba ndi 10#, 20#, 35#, 45#, 20Cr, 40Cr, 20CrMo, 16Mn, 27SiMn, 304, 201, 310S, zitsulo zapamwamba za carbon structural.
1. Zing'onozing'ono zakunja zakunja.
2. Zolondola kwambiri ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magulu ang'onoang'ono.
3. Zogulitsa zozizira zimakhala ndi zolondola kwambiri komanso zapamwamba.
4. Mtanda wa chitoliro chachitsulo ndizovuta kwambiri.
5.Chitoliro chachitsulo chimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri komanso chitsulo cholimba. Njira yoyendera ingagwiritse ntchito madzi a sopo kupukuta ziwalo za ng'anjo yamoto kuti muwone ngati pali mpweya wotuluka; Pakati pawo, malo omwe gasi amatha kuthawira kwambiri ndi malo omwe ng'anjo yowotchera imalowa ndikutuluka paipi. Mphete yosindikiza pamalo ano ndiyosavuta kuvala, chifukwa chake iyenera kufufuzidwa ndikusinthidwa pafupipafupi. The ndondomeko chiwembu pretreatment wa mwatsatanetsatane zitsulo chitoliro pamaso ozizira kupinda kupinda ndi kuika patsogolo; Zotsatira za kutentha kwa normalizing, kugwira nthawi ndi kuzizira mode pa microstructure ndi mawotchi katundu wa chakudya chitoliro anaphunzira ndi kusanthula; The ochiritsira normalizing ndondomeko mwatsatanetsatane zitsulo chitoliro anatsimikiza: Kutentha kutentha ndi (890 ± 10) ℃, ndi anamwazikana mpweya kuzirala pambuyo kugwira kwa 6min. Ndondomeko yokhazikika yokhazikika imatha kuthetseratu mawonekedwe a widmanstatten a chitoliro cholondola chachitsulo, kupanga kufanana kwa mphamvu zokolola ndi mphamvu zamakokedwe kukhala zololera, komanso kusintha mphamvu ya zokolola σ S/b σ ≤ 0.78, elongation 5 δ ≥ 30%, kusintha kwambiri kuzizira kupanga magwiridwe antchito ndikupewa kupindika kozizira. Coefficient ya kukulitsa imatha kuwonetsedwa mu voliyumu kapena kutalika, nthawi zambiri kutalika. Kachulukidwe kachulukidwe ka chinthu ndi kuchuluka kwa voliyumu ya chinthucho, mu kg / m3 kapena 1B / in3. Kupanikizika kotsalirako kumabwera makamaka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kotsalira komwe kumapangidwa ndi zida panthawi yowotcherera.
Pakali pano, annealing pambuyo kuwotcherera kuzirala kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu uinjiniya kuti athetse kupsinjika kotsalira, ndipo kuziziritsa kwa post kuwotcherera ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira kupsinjika kotsalira. Njira imeneyi osati kuwononga mphamvu, komanso mosavuta umabala lalikulu kuwotcherera yotsalira nkhawa. Chithandizo cha kutentha kwa post weld ndi ukadaulo watsopano wochotsa kupsinjika kotsalira. The mwatsatanetsatane zitsulo chitoliro adzakhala preheated ndi positi kutentha mankhwala kutentha pamaso kuwotcherera, ndi kuwotcherera adzakhala mosalekeza usavutike mtima kusunga kutentha pa kuwotcherera. Pambuyo kuwotcherera, iyenera kutsekedwa ndi thonje yotetezera kuti iziziziritsa pang'onopang'ono. Kuzimitsa kungapangitse mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa chitoliro chachitsulo, koma kuchepetsa pulasitiki yake. Zozimitsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozimitsa zimaphatikizapo madzi, mafuta, madzi amchere ndi mchere. Kutentha kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chokhazikika kumatenthetsanso chitoliro chachitsulo chozimitsidwa ku kutentha kwina ndikuchizizira ndi njira inayake, yomwe imatchedwa tempering. Cholinga chake ndikuchotsa kupsinjika kwamkati komwe kumapangidwa ndikuzimitsa, kuchepetsa kuuma ndi brittleness, ndikupeza zomwe zimayembekezeredwa zamakina. Kutentha kumagawidwa mu kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kwapakati ndi kutentha kwapansi. Kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi kuzimitsa ndi normalizing. Kuzimitsa ndi kutentha njira yochizira kutentha kwa kutentha kwapamwamba pambuyo pozimitsa kumatchedwa quenching ndi tempering chithandizo.
